Miracle pill for Mental trauma

Developed by Traumatic Stress Laboratory in Toulouse, France after the events in the mental trauma caused by this type of medication is no stress.

"Propranolol" and so far called for the drug used to treat migraine developed with a molecule experiments performed on guinea pigs, and people started to yield positive results were announced.

Toulouse, France, in Montreal, Canada and the U.S. cities of Boston, treatment sessions are performed on people who have had successful results in psychological trauma, psychological trauma-related stress was reported missing after sessions.

Propranolol

Treatment is applied in the form of 6 sessions of 2 hours each. A week prior to the session, first, "propranolol" pill is given. After waiting for 90 minutes for the effect of the pill into the body, the person being asked to write a paper where the event that causes stress. Studies conducted after dosing after 6 sessions of this process greatly reduces the stress experienced by the patients survived 70 percent of the show is completely stress-free.

Experts in the event of the drug, but eliminated the stress caused by this event, the report says. After drug treatment, trauma seen in individuals who have excessive sweating, heart rate beat faster as the symptoms observed are said to have disappeared.

French experts, developed an alternative to antidepressants, as well as that of the drug in the treatment of behavioral disorders, he says. France, currently used in the treatment of psychological trauma-related stress, but stress forget the distinction of being the European country with the most common use of antidepressants.

Smoking cause cancel cells to grow

Very little is known about the effect of nicotine in the growth of cancer cells, indicating that Op Specialist in General Surgery and Breast Diseases. Especially for breast cancer epidemiological studies showed that smoking increases the risk of breast cancer. But exactly how the emergence of molecular biology studies found increased risk, "he says. 

Structure of a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)

"According to a study published in the Declaration of the National Cancer Institute nicotine, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) is connected, smoking habit and at the same time, there may be a direct result in the formation of breast cancer," said Dr. Eisce, to determine the effect of nicotine on the development of breast cancer cells also gives examples of research:
"Tapei Medical School Optimizer Yuan-Soon et al, 276 different instances of breast cancer, breast cancer cells and normal cells of the interaction of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors compared in terms of interactions. Working as a result of interactions with receptors in breast cancer cells, and this effect was higher than in advanced breast cancer, early breast cancer were found to be significant. In this study, the effect of nicotine activates a receptor sub-paragraph (subunit) and decreased tumor growth by reducing the amount. So connect to the effect of nicotine receptors that mediate create and curtailing the amount of substance in the interaction between nicotine receptor was reduced.
Normal breast cells challenged with nicotine, nicotine receptors, ie activated normal cells, cancerous cells were increased tendencies. In these studies, as a result of cigarette smoking nicotine receptors in the aktifleşmesiyle definite effect on the formation of carcinogenic breast cancer concluded that the signals. Cancer Institute Dr. Ilona Linnoila, commented on this work, and nicotine, as well as the dependence of nicotinic receptors by activating the trigger and trigger cancer and noted that increased consumption of cigarettes in this way. "

Silent Reflux

Gastro esophageal reflux (GER) is known as reflux, heartburn, burning in the chest area, brackish water to come into the mouth, heart palpitations, stomach bloating, symptoms such as coughing, watching, and between 15 and 20% of the population is seen.

Gastro esophageal reflux

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPR) than the stomach acid and other stomach contents up the esophagus, throat, and throat is defined as the reflux. These patients are usually heartburn, heartburn is not like the classic reflux symptoms. For this reason, the disease a "silent reflux" is described as. Throat, larynx and vocal cords stomach acid and digestive enzymes, is more sensitive than the esophagus, this leads to further damage so silent reflux.

Silent reflux symptoms caused; 
• There was a mass in the throat sensation, 
• Excessive throat clearing, 
• Long-lasting form of annoying cough, 
• a feeling of donning the Bosphorus, 
• Hoarseness, 
• Heartburn, 
• Pain or tenderness in the throat, 
• the mouth, bad, bitter taste (especially in the morning), 
• Nasally discharge, 
• respiratory complaints such as asthma, 
• difficulty in singing high notes out, but the drug is the basic approach in the treatment of reflux lifestyle play a big role too: 

Nutrition note: your body what food, how should note that answer.Thus, reflux, which constitutes the food you can find. However, in general you need to stay away from foods that increase reflux.These foods, spicy, spicy and acidic foods, acidic drinks (eg, orange juice, grape juice), high fat foods, fast food type foods, over-caffeinated beverages such as coffee and tea, some spices, such as mint, chocolate and alcohol. 
• Avoid excessive eating. Increase the chances of excessive reflux of stomach fullness. One or two large meals a day instead of meals in the form of a large number of small amounts of food to eat. 
• Food to eat or drink something or lie down in the next 3 hours overreach. Try to take time to eat dinner earlier. If you need to eat something late at lighter and try to take foods that are low fat content.

• Avoid stress: Try to reduce stress and tension in your life.Depending on the amount of reflux is increased because the stress. 
• Give rid of excess weight: Excess weight increases significantly reflux. 
• Do not wear clothes that cling to your body: After your meal, do not over-lean or heavy duty. 
• Bed head Raise the legs for it at the bottom of your bed head 8-10 cm. You can put thick wooden blocks or thick books. 
• Stay away from cigarettes: smoke release as soon as possible.This is in itself a significant decrease reflünüzü. 

WHEN NEEDED SURGERY? 
Reflux takes 4-6 months with an average duration of treatment varies from person to person. Very severe reflux surgical treatment of patients who do not respond to drug therapy is recommended. So esophageal sphincter tightens surgery.

Atherosclerosis

Hardening of the arteries, also called atherosclerosis, is a common disorder. It occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries and form hard structures called plaques.

Over time, these plaques can block the arteries and cause problems throughout the body.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Hardening of the arteries is a process that often occurs with aging. As you grow older, plaque buildup narrows your arteries and makes them stiffer. These changes make it harder for blood to flow through them.

Clots may form in these narrowed arteries and block blood flow. Pieces of plaque can also break off and move to smaller blood vessels, blocking them.

cut section of artery

Either way, the blockage starves tissues of blood and oxygen, which can result in damage or tissue death.This is a common cause of heart attack and stroke.

High blood cholesterol levels can cause hardening of the arteries at a younger age.

For many people, high cholesterol levels are the result of an unhealthy lifestyle -- most commonly, eating a diet that is high in fat. Other risk factors are heavy alcohol use, lack of exercise, and being overweight.

Other risk factors for hardening of the arteries are:

• Diabetes
• Family history of hardening of the arteries
• High blood pressure
• Smoking

plaque in coronary artery

Symptoms

Hardening of the arteries does not cause symptoms until blood flow to part of the body becomes slowed or blocked.

If the arteries to the heart become narrow, blood flow to the heart can slow down or stop. This can cause chest pain (stable angina), shortness of breath, and other symptoms.

Narrowed or blocked arteries may also cause problems and symptoms in your intestines, kidneys, legs, and brain.

Signs and tests

A health care provider will perform a physical exam and listen to the heart and lungs with a stethoscope. Hardening of the arteries can create a whooshing or blowing sound ("bruit") over an artery.

Some guidelines recommend having your first cholesterol test at age 20. Everyone should have their first screening test by age 35 in men, and age 45 in women. (Note: Different experts recommend different starting ages.)

A number of imaging tests may be used to see how well blood moves through your arteries.

Doppler tests use ultrasound or sound waves.

Doppler Ultrasound

Magnetic resonance arteriography (MRA) is a special type of MRI scan

Special CT scans called CT angiography

Arteriograms or angiography use x-rays to see inside the arteries

Treatment

Quit smoking -- this is the single most important change you can make to reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke.

Other lifestyle changes can also reduce your risk of hardening of the arteries:

Avoid fatty foods. Eat well-balanced meals that are low in fat and cholesterol. Include several daily servings of fruits and vegetables. Adding fish to your diet at least twice a week may be helpful. However, do not eat fried fish.

Limit how much alcohol you drink -- one drink a day for women, two a day for men.

Exercise for 30 minutes a day if you are not overweight, and for 60 - 90 minutes a day if you are overweight. Talk to your doctor before starting a new exercise plan, especially if you have been diagnosed with heart disease or you have ever had a heart attack.

Get your blood pressure checked every 1 - 2 years before age 50 and yearly after age 50. Have your blood pressure checked more often if you have high blood pressure, heart disease, or you have had a stroke. Talk to your doctor about how often you should have your blood pressure checked.

If your blood pressure is high, it is important for you to lower it and keep it under control.
Everyone should keep their blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg


If you have diabetes, kidney disease, or have had a stroke or heart attack, your blood pressure should probably be lower. Ask your doctor what your blood pressure should be.

Your doctor may want you to take medicine for high cholesterol levels if lifestyle changes do not work. This will depend on:

• Your age
• Whether you have heart disease or other blood flow problems
• Whether you smoke or are overweight
• Whether you have high blood pressure or diabetes

Your doctor may suggest taking aspirin or another medicine to help prevent blood clots from forming in your arteries. These medicines are called antiplatelet drugs. DO NOT take aspirin without first talking to your doctor.

angina

Expectations (prognosis)

Hardening of the arteries cannot be reversed once it has occurred. However, lifestyle changes and treating high cholesterol levels can prevent or slow the process from becoming worse.

Complications

In some cases, the plaque is part of a process that causes aweakening of the wall of an artery. This can lead to a bulge in an artery called an aneurysm. Aneurysms can break open (rupture). This causes bleeding that can be life threatening.

See:

Brain aneurysm
Abdominal aneurysm
Chest aneurysm

Arrhythmia

Has your heart ever skipped a beat? Sometimes it really does if you have an arrhythmia. An arrhythmia is any disorder of your heart rate or rhythm. It means that your heart beats too quickly, too slowly or with an irregular pattern. When the heart beats faster than normal, it is called tachycardia. When the heart beats too slowly, it is called bradycardia.

Many factors can affect your heart's rhythm, such as having had a heart attack, blood chemistry imbalances or abnormal hormone levels. Some substances or medicines may also cause arrhythmias.

arrhythmia

Symptoms of arrhythmias include

• Fast or slow heart beat
• Skipping beats
• Lightheadedness, dizziness
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Paleness
• Sweating

Your doctor can run tests to find out if you have an arrhythmia. Treatment to restore a normal heart rhythm may include medicines, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or a pacemaker.

Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic anemia is a rare but serious blood disorder. If you have it, your bone marrow doesn't make enough new blood cells. Causes include

• Being exposed to toxic substances, such as pesticides, arsenic, and benzene
• Radiation therapy and chemotherapy for cancer
• Certain medicines
• Infections such as hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, or HIV
• Autoimmune disorders
• Certain inherited conditions

In many people, the cause is unknown.

Aplastic anemia

Your doctor will diagnose aplastic anemia based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and test results. Once your doctor knows the cause and severity of the condition, he or she can create a treatment plan for you. Treatments include blood transfusions, blood and marrow stem cell transplants, and medicines.

aplastic anemia

Aplastic anemia is a disorder in which the bone marrow fails to make enough blood cells. The bone marrow is the soft, inner part of bones where the 3 types of blood cells are made:

• Red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the tissues from the lungs
• White blood cells, which fight infection
• Platelets, which seal damaged blood vessels to prevent bleeding

These cells are made by blood-forming stem cells in the bone marrow. In aplastic anemia, the stem cells are damaged and there are very few of them. As a result, too few blood cells are produced. In most cases of aplastic anemia, all 3 types of blood cells are low (which is called pancytopenia). Rarely, just one of the cell lines, such as red cells, white cells, or platelets, is abnormal.

Aplastic anemia is not a type of cancer but may be associated with certain cancers (especially those affecting the bone marrow, such as leukemia) or cancer treatments. A small number of patients with aplastic anemia may develop leukemia.

Aplastic anemia can be inherited or acquired. Acquired aplastic anemia is much more common than the inherited type.

Inherited aplastic anemia

Aplastic anemia is considered inherited when it is caused by gene mutations (abnormal copies of genes) that have been passed on from the parents to their child. Inherited aplastic anemia is more common in children and young adults.

Fanconi anemia

The most common cause of inherited aplastic anemia is called Fanconi anemia (FA). There are many different genes that can cause Fanconi anemia. They include FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCJ, FANCL, FANCM, and FANCN. In order to get FA, a child must inherit 2 abnormal copies of one of these genes -- one from each parent. Someone with only one abnormal copy will not develop the disease and is called a carrier.

The genetic material (DNA) in our cells is packaged into chromosomes. In FA, the chromosomes are easily damaged by things in the environment like toxins or radiation. This can lead to aplastic anemia, leukemia, and other cancers. Cancers of the mouth and throat, esophagus, and the vulva (female genital area) are seen at a higher rate and at a younger age in those with FA (as compared with people who don't have FA).

In many cases, FA is suspected when a child is born because he or she is missing a thumb or a bone in the arm called the radius. A child with FA anemia also may not grow well (called growth retardation) or have a small head (called microcephaly). Dark spots on the skin (called café au lait spots) can be another symptom of FA. In some cases though, the child will look completely normal. People with FA can start to have low blood counts at a very early age. The low blood counts may be treated with medications called androgens at first, but only a bone marrow transplant can actually cure aplastic anemia in someone with FA.

Some people with FA do not develop low blood counts (or aplastic anemia), but may be diagnosed with FA when they get cancer. In order to diagnose FA anemia, a chromosome breakage test will be ordered. For this test, a small sample of blood is taken from the patient. Then some of the cells in the blood (called lymphocytes) are exposed to a certain chemical to see if it causes the chromosomes in the cells to break and rearrange. Chromosomes in normal cells aren't damaged easily, but the chromosomes in FA cells will be damaged.

Dyskeratosis congenita

Another inherited cause of aplastic anemia is called dyskeratosis congenita (DC). Defects in some of the genes that help protect the chromosomes cause this disease. The chromosomes in our cells are fitted with caps at each end calledtelomeres. These caps help protect the ends of the chromosomes from being damaged. Telomerase is the protein that maintains the telomeres. Two different genes, called TERC and TERT, are needed to make telomerase. An abnormal copy of either one of these genes can cause DC. Another gene, DKC1, makes a protein called dyskerin that is needed for telomerase to work. Abnormalities in this gene also cause DC. Symptoms of this disorder include abnormal skin pigmentation, abnormal nails, and white patches in the mouth (called leukoplakia). People with this problem have a high risk of developing aplastic anemia and certain cancers, such as cancer of the mouth and throat and cancer of the anus. Some people are only diagnosed with DC when they come in with aplastic anemia and are found to have abnormal telomerase genes. These people may not have any of the other signs or symptoms of DC.
Other causes of inherited aplastic anemia

Another cause of inherited aplastic anemia is called the Diamond-Blackfan syndrome. In this disease, red blood cells are low, but the number of other blood cells is normal.

A fourth disorder is the Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, which is caused by abnormal copies of a gene called SDS. Here, the major problem is poor production of white blood cells, although the other cell lines can also be abnormal. In both of these, patients will often have other problems such as short stature and other bone abnormalities.

Acquired aplastic anemia

Acquired aplastic anemia usually occurs in adults, but children may also be affected. Most have no gene abnormalities. Scientists have found that some of the people who they thought had acquired aplastic anemia actually have an abnormality in one of the genes responsible for inherited aplastic anemia. The aplastic anemia in these people is not really acquired -- it is inherited. Some cases of aplastic anemia seem to be triggered by a drug or exposure to a toxic chemical. In most cases of aplastic anemia, however, the cause is never found.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a disease in which some of the stem cells in the bone marrow become damaged and make abnormal red blood cells. The red blood cells in PNH are missing certain proteins that normally help protect the cells. Without these proteins, the red blood cells are killed by the immune system (this is called hemolysis). PNH is caused when the gene called PIG-A is damaged (mutated) in some of the stem cells in the bone marrow. People with PNH have anemia (low red blood cells) along with fatigue, stomach pain, and blood clots. Sometimes the hemoglobin from the destroyed red blood cells will cause the urine to become very dark (like the color of tea). PNH seems to be linked to aplastic anemia. Some patients have small numbers of PNH cells when they are diagnosed with aplastic anemia. Also, some survivors of aplastic anemia will go on to get PNH. PNH can be treated with bone marrow transplant or with a drug called eculizumab that blocks the hemolysis.

Rh Incompatibility

There are four major blood types: A, B, O, and AB. The types are based on substances on the surface of the blood cells. Another blood type is called Rh. Rh factor is a protein on red blood cells. Most people are Rh-positive; they have Rh factor. Rh-negative people don't have it. Rh factor is inherited though genes.

When you're pregnant, blood from your baby can cross into your bloodstream, especially during delivery. If you're Rh-negative and your baby is Rh-positive, your body will react to the baby's blood as a foreign substance. It will create antibodies (proteins) against the baby's blood. These antibodies usually don't cause problems during a first pregnancy.

But Rh incompatibility may cause problems in later pregnancies, if the baby is Rh-positive. This is because the antibodies stay in your body once they have formed. The antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the baby's red blood cells. The baby could get Rh disease, a serious condition that can cause a serious type of anemia.

Blood tests can tell whether you have Rh factor and whether your body has made antibodies. Injections of a medicine called Rh immune globulin can keep your body from making Rh antibodies. It helps prevent the problems of Rh incompatibility. If treatment is needed for the baby, it can include supplements to help the body to make red blood cells and blood transfusions.

Part1

Rh incompatibility occurs when the mother's blood type is Rh negative and her fetus' blood type is Rh positive.

Rh Incompatibility 1

Part 2

If some of the fetus' blood passes into the mother's blood stream, her body will produce antibodies in response.

Rh Incompatibility 2

Part 3

These antibodies could pass back through the placenta and harm the fetus' red blood cells, causing mild to serious anemia in the fetus.

Rh Incompatibility 3